Question 1
A is correct. The biopsychosocial model acknowledges the contributions of biological, psychological and social factors in substance abuse and dependence. Brain chemistry is a biological factor. Personality traits, cognitive style and early developmental experiences are considered psychological factors. Family dysfunction is a social factor, having to do with the client's context.
Question 2
D is correct. The skill of paraphrasing content helps clients hear what they are saying more clearly. If a counselor states the underlying meaning of a client message, that could be an interpretation. Restatement of the affective component of client message is a reflection of feeling, which some consider to be a special kind of paraphrase.
Question 3
D is correct. Intake is one of the I and mp;RC's twelve core functions of the chemical dependency counselor.
Question 4
A is correct. The DSM-5 categorizes the indicators of problematic substance use in terms of the four categories listed in this answer. Impaired control refers to the tendency of the individual to use more of the substance than intended, inability to cut down on substance use, craving for the substance, and tendency to spend a great deal of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of the substance.
Question 5
A is correct. The public health model approach to disease considers the drug (agent), the biology and psychology of the person (host) and the person's sociocultural context (environment).
Question 6
D is correct. The latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual contains behavioral criteria that are used to diagnose substance related disorders as well as other types of disorders. The RAPS4, MAST and SASSI-3 are screening instruments, not diagnostic instruments. The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) Patient Placement Criteria provide treatment guidelines for adults and adolescents with substance related disorders.
Question 7
A is correct. Substances with low potency require relatively large amounts to produce an effect. Alcohol has low potency, but it tends to be consumed in large doses. Toxicity is a substance's dangerousness to the body. With repeated use over time, at doses needed to produce the desired effects, alcohol produces serious damage to several of the body's organs.
Question 8
B is correct. Cocaine and amphetamine users may scratch and pick at their skin in response to formication, also called parasitosis. This is the sensation of bugs crawling under the skin.
Question 9
B is correct. Open questions encourage clients to elaborate, as they are not answerable with a simple "yes" or "no." Closed questions can be answered with "yes" or "no." The statement that the counselor felt the same way as the client indicates that the counselor may be identifying with the client.
Question 10
A is correct. The biopsychosocial model acknowledges the contributions of biological, psychological and social factors in substance abuse and dependence. Personality traits, cognitive styles, emotions and early developmental experiences are considered psychological factors. Research indicates that social or cultural factors are generally the most predictive of substance abuse behaviors, while biological factors are generally the most predictive of substance dependence.
Question 11
D is correct. "Withdrawal ... is a syndrome that occurs when blood or tissue concentrations of a substance decline in an individual who had maintained prolonged heavy use of the substance" (DSM-5, p. 484).
Question 12
B is correct. Keeping individual differences in mind, many Hispanic clients also prefer a warm and personal relationship with the counselor.
Question 13
B is correct. Some examples of major tranquilizers or antipsychotics (also called neuroleptics) are Abilify, Clozaril and Risperdal.
Question 14
D is correct. Working with the client's ambivalence about dying will yield better results than placating, scolding or lecturing the client.
Question 15
B is correct. Bupropion is sold as Wellbutrin for depression and Zyban for smoking cessation. Merinol is the brand name for dronabinol, synthetic THC. Busprione is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic. Buprenorphine (trade names Subutex and Suboxone) is a partial opioid agonist, used to treat heroin dependence. Oxycodone (OxyContin) is an opioid used for its analgesic properties.
