Question 1
The correct answer is: setting goals. Before steps such as data collection, research design, and data analysis can proceed, the goals of the program must be known. It would be hard to know what the relevant parameters for data collection were without knowing the program's objectives.
Question 2
The correct answer is B. Since your records are confidential and kept in a safe place, the medical records should be placed in this file. You may need to refer to them later. This question required common sense with regard to management practices and sensitivity to the confidentiality issue.
Question 3
Piaget identified characteristics of cognitive development, including "centration", which occurs in the preoperational stage of development. Centration is the tendency to concentrate on only one aspect of a situation or object. "Conservation" is the ability to keep symbols in mind and occurs in the concrete operational stage. "Conservation" requires "transitivity", which is the ability to see a relationship between two objects because of a relationship with a third.
Question 4
For Rogers, personality and behavioral problems arise when an individual's natural tendency toward growth and actualization is disrupted by an incongruence between the self and experience. Incongruence results when the evaluations made by others are inconsistent with one's self-concept.
Question 5
Choice D sounds like what happens in the second stage of group therapy, when issues of power and control become important. The other choices, by contrast, are typical of the first stage of group therapy.
Question 6
The correct answer is: social change . Advocacy consultation, unlike other consultation modes, focuses on social systems rather than individuals or small groups. As noted by J. C. Conoley (Consultation in Schools: Theory, Research, Procedures, Academic Press, New York, 1981), a distinctive characteristic of advocacy consultation is that it is based on an "explicit value orientation that targets social change in the direction of power equalization" (p. 162).
Question 7
The correct answer is: TAT. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is based on Murray's theory of individual needs, fantasies, conflicts etc. It consists of 16 cards with ambiguous pictures. Examinees are required to construct a story about each picture.
Question 8
The correct answer is: the victim's tendency to exaggerate when describing incidents of abuse. This is a reverse type question, so you had to select the "wrong," or untrue, answer. Chronic exposure to extreme forms of violence can dull the perception of it. A wife who has been abused for an extended period might minimize the violence rather than exaggerate it.
Question 9
The correct answer is: experimental rese. xperimental research in the social sciences involves randomly assigning subjects to groups. Random assignment increases the strength of conclusions that observed changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable and not to extraneous factors. By contrast, in quasi-experimental research, subjects are not randomly assigned to groups; as a result, it is more likely that changes in the dependent variable will be caused by extraneous factors.
Question 10
The correct answer is: unethically. The NBCC Code of Ethics (2012) states that counselors "shall discuss with prospective clients the appropriateness of counseling services offered and shall not offer services if there is reasonable cause to believe clients will not benefit."
Question 11
Answer D is correct: The DSM-IV-TR diagnoses of Reading Disorder, Mathematics Disorder, Disorder of Written Expression, and Learning Disorder NOS have been combined in the DSM-5 into the single diagnosis of Specific Learning Disorder, with the type of disorder being indicated with a specifier.
Question 12
The correct answer is: Bowen. "Triangles" occur when, under stress, a two-person emotional system recruits a third person into the system in order to reduce stress and regain stability. The notion of triangles is most associated with Murray Bowen, who warns therapists not to become emotionally triangulated during the course of therapy.
Question 13
The correct answer is: 7 to 10 members. If there are fewer than seven members in a group, there is not enough opportunity for learning. Also, the average size of a large or extended family is seven. If there are more than 10 members, there may not be enough opportunities for individual participation.
Question 14
The correct answer is: the degree to which the person has been able to implement his or her self-concept in the job. Super's theory about life and career development is based on the assumption that one's self-concept influences one's career choice.
Question 15
The correct answer is A. Guessing is one of the factors that affect the reliability coefficient. Guessing correctly decreases the reliability coefficient.
